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Showing posts from April, 2020

LHC : Large Hadron Collider

Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest and most powerful particle accelerator. It was built by CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research. It lies in a tunnel 27 kilometres in circumference and as deep as 574 ft, beneath the France-Switzerland near Geneva. The LHC is a particle accelerator that pushes protons or ions to near the speed of light. It consists of a 27-kilometre ring of superconducting magnets with a number of accelerating structures that boost the energy of the particles along the way. The aim of the LHC's detectors is to allow physicists to test the predictions of different theories of particle physics, including measuring the properties of the Higgs Boson and searching for the large family of new particles predicted by supersymmetric theories, as well as unsolved questions of physics. The  LHC  is planned to run  over the next 20 years, with several stops scheduled for upgrades and maintenance work.  It was first shut down  on 13 February 2013 f

CERES : A Dwarf Planet between Mars and Jupiter

CERES is the largest object in the main asteroid belt that lies between the orbits of mars and jupiter and the only dwarf planet which lies in the inner solar system. Ceres is believed to have been formed around 4.5 billion years ago when the Solar System was forming. Gravity pulled swirling gas and dust and it resulted in the creation of the small dwarf planet. It comprises 25% of the asteroid belt's total mass. It is the only object in the asteroid belt currently known to be rounded by its own gravity.     It takes 4.6 years, to make one trip around the sun and completes one rotation around its own axis every 9 hours. Ceres doesn't have any moons or rings and scientists also believe that it also lacks a magnetosphere. Ceres is named after the Roman goddess of grain crops and harvests. The world cereal comes from the same name. It is the first dwarf planet visited by spacecraft. 'DAWN' reached it in 2015 to study its surface, composition and history. 

Red Dwarf or M Dwarf or M-Type Stars

Red dwarf star  is the smallest and coolest kind of star  on the main  sequence . It  is   the most numerous type of star  in the universe  and the smallest type of hydrogen -burning star.  Proxima Centauri is  the nearest star to the Sun, is a red dwarf. Red dwarf stars have masses from about 0.08 to 0.6 times that of the sun  (Objects smaller than red dwarf stars are called  brown dwarfs  and do not shine through the thermonuclear fusion  of hydrogen). Lighter stars are much more plentiful than heavier stars, and red dwarfs are thus the most numerous type of star. In the milkyway galaxy,  about three-fourths of the stars are red dwarfs. The proportion is even higher in elliptical galaxies . Red dwarfs are the coolest main-sequence stars, with a spectral type of M and a surface temperature of about 2,000–3,500 K. . Red dwarfs are also the dimmest stars, with luminosities between about 0.0001 and 0.1 times that of the Sun.Red dwarfs will not pass through a red giant phase

Dark Stars: A Brief Introduction

 The early universe was a very different place than it is now. But it may have been the perfect environment for a strange class of giant, puffy stars that used dark matter as fuel . Dark matter annihilations may have fueled some of the universe’s first stars, allowing them to grow into giant, puffy clouds that are millions of times the mass and billions of times the brightness of the Sun. Powered by dark matter, dark stars are hypothetical objects that may have inhabited the early universe. If they existed, these mysterious beasts would not only have been the first stars to form in the cosmos, they also might explain how supermassive black holes got their start. The Dark Star can be explained in three different ways : In case of dark matter -  A  dark star   is a type of star that may have existed early in the universe before conventional stars were able to form. The stars would be composed mostly of normal matter, like modern stars, but a high concentration of neutralino dark matt

A quick review about cosmos

 The  cosmos  is the  Universe . Using the word  cosmos  rather than the word  universe  implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly  system  or entity; the opposite of  chaos . [1]  The cosmos, and our understanding of the reasons for its existence and significance, are studied in  cosmology  – a very broad discipline covering any scientific, religious, or philosophical contemplation of the cosmos and its nature, or reasons for existing. The universe is composed mostly of empty space. But this space is occasionally populated by an amazing assortment of incredible objects. These objects create an orderly, harmonious system known as the cosmos. Close to home, our solar system consists of planets, moons, asteroids, and comets that circle a central star in an orbital dance that has been going on for billions of years. As we move farther away into deep space, we encounter exotic objects with bizarre properties. Pulsars and Quasars shine with the energy of millions of stars